After a week with events exalted award provides international water conferences, seminars, exhibitions, World Water Week ended on 22.08.2009 in the capital of Sweden, Stockholm. Through this occasion, the community have an opportunity to look at more clearly the importance of water under different loops.

Can include "Water" in climate talks

The two issues of water and climate change, close relationship with each other, but in talks on climate change (CC) blizzard took place, the issue "state" and "water source" considered letter luonbi love. Intergovernmental Committee of the United Nations on Climate Change (IPCC) also have argued, the policies of the current climate is not satisfactorily resolved issues related to water.

Consequently, many opinions of experts in the Water Week that need to be considered for COP-15 summit of the United Nations in Copenhagen in December this year is a good time to put the issue on the agenda for Climate change. If that failure also means countries kyve Millennium Goals "By 2015, reduce by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe water and hygienic." Will be difficult to achieve.

Related to climate change, a change in rainfall is one of the first demonstration and easy to recognize. Erratic rainfall change is raising floods and droughts, threatening agriculture and has created difficulties for planning for water. In the 1990s, floods and drought accounted for 86% of natural disaster, affecting the lives of nearly two billion nguoi.Doi some countries, it is a national disaster.

In disaster conditions, temperature and pollution have increased, water became a service environment quickly spread disease, particularly in underdeveloped countries because these countries sanitation and health services is low cream, it has the ability to cope and anti. The reality shows are the poor victims suffer the most when the outbreak.

Climate change also melt snow on the peaks and valleys - which are upstream of major rivers in the world. The amount of water from melting ice caused flooding in coastal areas, but the water level is down considerably for the lower river, especially in the dry season. Nearly 1.4 billion people around the world are dependent on water from rivers is now increasingly exhausted.

Apart from surface water, ground water supply is polluted and exploited many times faster than the speed of circulation of water in nature. The United Nations estimates up to 2050, the world's population will increase by 3 billion people with 90% concentrated in developing countries - which are solely nhieuap power and water stress.

Anxiety politicians

As water resources become more scarce, disputes, competition for water between countries becoming more acute. Lessons learned from the conflict between Israel and Palestine and Muan agreement between the neighboring countries sharing the resource nuoco gioicho thayhop many parts of the watershed management partnership brings intl mind is essential. This is the most important property to ensure peace in the region, socio-economic development and stable life for local people.
 

This topic is more interested in Water Week, with 25 side events related to promoting international cooperation and cooperation to resolve regional water issues across the border. No provision relating to the United Nations launch campaign, spreading the year 2009 international water with the message "Sharing water resources, sharing opportunities."

Currently, the great lakes and river basins are transboundary living resources of more than 40% of the world population, accounted for 60% of global fresh water flow. 96% of the water potential in the water layer ngamma majority located in the territory of some countries. Nearly 60% of the world's food is made from the watershed territory of two or more countries.

Worldwide, 145 countries relevant to the international rivers, including 30 in the entire country in this river basin. Most of the rivers which flow through or the boundary between two adjacent countries. However, there are several rivers to be "multinational", such as the River Congo, Niger, Nile, Rhine and Zambezi in Africa flows through 9 to 11 countries. Distinct Ca la dong Danube, flows through the territory of 18 European countries.

Although the issues are highly cooperative so, but reality is not easily achieved by the absence of basic research on the entire eco-system hydrology and basin, but above all because of the lack of goodwill the country concerned.

World Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) said since the beginning of IX century to the late twentieth century, the world has recognized the 3600 agreement between the countries of the issue management and exploitation of the general flow, the majority focus on the maritime sector. Particularly in the twentieth century, approximately 300 Settlement was signed. Nevertheless, at the present time, did not have any international Convention provisions on cross-border flows are applied.

In 1997, the UN proposed an international convention on trans-boundary water dungnguon use in non-marine purposes. The Convention formed after 27-year-long study to modify, pointed out the terms of accountability in state government the management of international rivers. However, to 2007, ie after 10 namLHQ proposal, only 16 countries through. With very little amount of such members, the Convention can not be effective because not achieve minimum number of members (as defined as 35).

International behavior in the current issue of international river basin management is still generally allow countries to exploit flows on its territory with the reasonable and does not prejudice the other countries in the basin areas (UN-Water, 2009)

A political issue is related to state environmental refugees. Maldives is the clearest proof of a residential unit are at risk of isolation should huongdo sea level rise. Country has a population of 300,000 people living on 1,200 islands scattered just above sea level is 1.5 m far to seek new land for their citizens. And not just in the Maldives, according to forecasts of the IPCC, in 30-50 years the world will witness the largest cuocdi other people, because more than 70% of the world's population now living in the Delta near the sea, 11 among 15 cities in the world's largest supply or coastal estuaries - but vulnerable areas haiboinuoc sea level rise.

When land and water resources increasingly depleted, security issues about the source of water, food and energy are considered as important in the national strategy. The coalition government and a private group of rich countries have quickly bought cheap agricultural land in developing countries, largely to meet the needs of bioenergy development. This also means if you do not awake, developing countries will be losing control over land and water resources on their own.

Another problem is the dam dien.Day cungla a problem for planners energy and environment. The dam projects have been criticized because of its adverse environmental, social, hydroelectric energy, but extremely necessary. A difficulty for planners is to resolve the conflict between current needs and future impact that the dam project "promises".

"Virtual water" is also the water resources

Every product consumers are in the term "about water footprints", or in other words to get that product, a huge amount of water has been lost. Experts use the term "virtual water" to talk about this water. For example, the amount of pond water for a cup of coffee we drink was 140 lit cave, the one I wore jeans is approximately 10,000 liters.

According to the experts, agriculture is the most water consumption but also causes the most waste. In poor countries, food lost 15-35% in the cultivation and harvest, 10-15% in processing, transport and storage. In rich countries, this loss is limited, but in return, is a loss of another (even bigger can) - it is the waste in the consumption of food. Remove non-supply of food and water is synonymous with non-wild water resources. The rate in America is wasted now 30%, estimated to cost $ 48.3 billion USD. That also means about 40 trillion gallons of water wasted.

Preventing inefficiencies and improve water use efficiency will bring benefits to the farmers, businesses and ecosystems as well as helping to solve global hunger.

Water supply and sanitation of public health

Related to water and environmental sanitation, there are two issues warning baorang, y canchu world and invest more in the coming time, it was resolved post-disaster conditions and improve water and sanitation in schools.

In many countries, hygiene conditions in schools of extreme poverty. When water resources, infrastructure, sanitation is not guaranteed, the hocla where unsafe, the most contagious diseases of children and communities.


Investing in sanitation is not just because a school environment that is safe for future investment, as a class to teach children is key to raising awareness for a generation, a community. Dr. Pathak, who initiated the movement Sulabh toilet (1970), who also won international awards to his country in 2009 has prompted the world that side factors such as policies, plans, network technology center micro-array elements of the social nature such as customs, culture, lifestyle is also very important and have great influence on the content network on clean water and public health.
 

Ngoc Huyen (According to MONRE)